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KS8001
1.8V, 3.3V 10/100BASETX/FX Physical Layer Transceiver DATASHEET V 1.01 General Description
The KS8001 is a 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX/FX Physical Layer Transceiver, operating the core at 1.8 volts to meet low voltage and low power requirements. The solution provides MII/RMII/SMII interfaces to transmit and receive data. A unique mixed-signal design extends signaling distance while reducing power consumption. HP Auto MDI/MDI-X provides the most robust solution for eliminating the need to differentiate between crossover and straight-through cables. Featuring LinkMD cable diagnostics, which allows detection of common cabling plant problems such as open and short circuits, the KS8001 represents a new level of features and performance and is an ideal choice of physical layer transceiver for 100BASE-TX/10BASET/100BASE-FX applications.
Features
* * * * * * * * * * Single chip 100BASE-TX/100BASE-FX/10BASE-T physical layer solution 1.8V CMOS design, power consumption 250 mW Robust (130m+) operation over standard cables Supports Media Independent Interface (MII), Reduced MII (RMII), and Serial MII (SMII) LinkMD feature to determine cable length and diagnose faulty cables up 200 m with +/- 2 m accuracy Supports HP MDI/MDI-X auto crossover Supports power down mode and power saving mode MDC/MDIO to 12.5 MHz for rapid configuration Fully compliant to IEEE 802.3u standard Supports auto-negotiation and manual selection for 10/100Mbps speed and full / half-duplex mode
Functional Diagram
NRZ/NRZI MLT3 ENCODER 4B/5B ENCODER SCRAMBLER PARALLEL/SERIAL
TX+ TX-
TRANSMITTER
10/100 PULSE SHAPER
PARALLEL/SERIAL MANCHESTER ENCODER
RX+ RX-
ADAPTIVE EQ BASELINE WANDER CORRECTION MLT3 DECODER NRZI/NRZ
CLOCK RECOVERY
4B/5B DECODER DESCRAMBLER SERIAL/PARALLEL
MII/RMII/SMII REGISTERS AND CONTROLLER INTERFACE
AUTO NEGOTIATION
10BASE-T RECEIVER
MANCHESTER DECODER SERIAL/PARALLEL
TXD3 TXD2 TXD1 TXD0 TXER TXC TXEN CRS COL MDIO MDC RXD3 RXD2 RXD1 RXD0 RXER RXDV RXC
POWER DOWN/ POWER SAVING
LINK
LED DRIVER
XI XO
COL FDX SPD
PLL
PWRDWN
Micrel, Inc. * 1849 Fortune Drive * San Jose, CA 95131 * USA * tel + 1 (408) 944-0800 * fax + 1 (408) 944-0970 * http://www.micrel.com
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Features (continued)
* * * * * * Configurable through MII serial management ports or via external control pins Programmable LED outputs for link, activity, full/half duplex, collision and speed On-chip built-in analog front end filtering for both 100BASE-TX and 10BASE-T Supports back to back, FX to TX for media converter applications Single 3.3V power supply with built-in 1.8V regulator (`L' parts) 48 Pin LQFP, 48 Pin SSOP, 48 Pin QFN (targeted)
Ordering Information
Part Number KS8001L KSZ8001L KS8001LI KS8001S KSZ8001S Temp. Range 0o-70o C 0o-70o C - 40o-85o C 0o-70o C 0o-70o C Package 48-LQFP 48-LQFP 48-LQFP 48-SSOP 48-SSOP Lead Finish Standard Lead-free Standard Standard Lead-free
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Revision History
Revision Date
25 Mar 2004 9 Aug 2004 * * * * * * * * * * * * Updated pin 38 (VDDRCV) definition to 3.3V Corrected pin configuration diagrams to reflect NC on pins 42 and 43 Updated crystal tolerance to +/- 50 ppm Updated series resistance for crystal specification to 40 LinkMD distance coefficient changed to 0.39 Interrupt register status bits set to RO/SC Recommended reset circuit added RMII timing added Added lead-free part numbers Changed REXT value to 6.65 K Removed preliminary status Added KS8001S to ordering information
Summary of Changes
PRELIMINARY
0.8
0.81 0.82
17 Sep 2004 25 Jan 2005
1.00 1.01
31 Mar 2005 16 May 2005
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Table of Contents
Pin Description .................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Strapping Options ............................................................................................................................................................................. 10 Pin Configuration .............................................................................................................................................................................. 11 Functional Description...................................................................................................................................................................... 12 100BASE-TX Transmit .................................................................................................................................................................... 12 100BASE-TX Receive ..................................................................................................................................................................... 12 PLL Clock Synthesizer .................................................................................................................................................................... 12 Scrambler/De-scrambler (100BASE-TX only).................................................................................................................................. 12 10BASE-T Transmit......................................................................................................................................................................... 12 10BASE-T Receive.......................................................................................................................................................................... 12 SQE and Jabber Function (10BASE-T only) ................................................................................................................................... 13 Auto-Negotiation.............................................................................................................................................................................. 13 MII Management Interface................................................................................................................................................................. 13 MII Data Interface ............................................................................................................................................................................ 13 RMII (Reduced MII) Data Interface.................................................................................................................................................... 14 RMII Signal Definition ...................................................................................................................................................................... 14 Reference Clock (REF_CLK)........................................................................................................................................................... 15 Carrier Sense/Receive Data Valid (CRS_DV) ................................................................................................................................. 15 Receive Data [1:0] (RXD[1:0]) ......................................................................................................................................................... 15 Transmit Enable (TX_EN) ............................................................................................................................................................... 15 Transmit Data [1:0] (TXD[1:0])......................................................................................................................................................... 15 Collision Detection........................................................................................................................................................................... 15 RX_ER ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 15 RMII AC Characteristics .................................................................................................................................................................. 16 RMII Transmit Timing ...................................................................................................................................................................... 16 RMII Receive Timing ....................................................................................................................................................................... 16 SMII Signal Definition........................................................................................................................................................................ 17 SMII Signals .................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 Receive Path ................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 Receive Sequence Diagram ............................................................................................................................................................ 17 Transmit Path .................................................................................................................................................................................. 18 Transmit Sequence Diagram ........................................................................................................................................................... 18 Collision Detection........................................................................................................................................................................... 19 DC Specification .............................................................................................................................................................................. 19 Timing Specification ........................................................................................................................................................................ 20 HP Auto Crossover (Auto MDI/MDI-X) ............................................................................................................................................. 21 Auto MDI/MDI-X Cross-Over Transformer Connection.................................................................................................................... 22 Power Management........................................................................................................................................................................... 22 100BT FX Mode.................................................................................................................................................................................. 22 Media converter operation................................................................................................................................................................ 22 LinkMD Cable Diagnostics................................................................................................................................................................ 23 Reference Clock Connection Options ............................................................................................................................................. 24 Register Map ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 25 Register 0h - Basic Control ............................................................................................................................................................. 25 Register 1h - Basic Status .............................................................................................................................................................. 26 Register 2h - PHY Identifier 1 ......................................................................................................................................................... 26 Register 3h - PHY Identifier 2 ......................................................................................................................................................... 26 Register 4h - Auto-Negotiation Advertisement................................................................................................................................ 26
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Register 5h - Auto-Negotiation Link Partner Ability......................................................................................................................... 27 Register 6h - Auto-Negotiation Expansion ...................................................................................................................................... 27 Register 7h - Auto-Negotiation Next Page ...................................................................................................................................... 28 Register 8h - Link Partner Next Page Ability................................................................................................................................... 28 Register 15h - RXER Counter......................................................................................................................................................... 28 Register 1bh - Interrupt Control/Status Register ............................................................................................................................. 29 Register 1dh - LinkMD Control/Status Register .............................................................................................................................. 29 Register 1eh - PHY Control ............................................................................................................................................................ 30 Register 1fh - 100BASE-TX PHY Controller ................................................................................................................................... 30 Absolute Maximum Rating (Note 1) ...................................................................................................................................................... 32 Operating Range (Note 2) ...................................................................................................................................................................... 32 Package Thermal Resistance (JA)(Note 3) .......................................................................................................................................... 33 Electrical Characteristics (Note4) ........................................................................................................................................................ 33 Timing Diagrams ............................................................................................................................................................................... 35 Reset Timing Diagram....................................................................................................................................................................... 40 Reset Timing Parameters ................................................................................................................................................................ 40 Reset Circuit Diagram ....................................................................................................................................................................... 40 Reference Circuit for Strapping Option Configuration................................................................................................................... 42 Selection of Isolation Transformers ................................................................................................................................................ 43 Selection of Reference Crystal......................................................................................................................................................... 43 Package Information ......................................................................................................................................................................... 44
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Pin Description
Pin Number 1 2 3 Pin Name MDIO MDC RXD3/ PHYAD1 RXD2/ PHYAD2 RXD1/ RXD[1]/ PHYAD3 RXD0/ RXD[0]/ RX PHYAD4 VDDIO GND RXDV/ CRSDV/
PCS_LPBK
Type I/O I Ipd/O
(Note 1)
4
Ipd/O
5
Ipd/O
6
Ipd/O
7 8 9
Pwr Gnd Ipd/O
10
RXC/
SMII_SELECT
Ipd/O
11
RXER/ RX_ER/ ISO GND VDDC TXER TXC/ REFCLK/ CLOCK TXEN TXD0/ TXD[0]/ TX
Ipd/O
12 13 14 15
Gnd Pwr Ipd I/O
16 17
Ipd Ipd
Pin Function Management Interface (MII) Data I/O This pin requires an external 10K pull-up resistor. Management Interface (MII) Clock Input This pin is synchronous to the MDIO data interface MII Mode: Receive Data Output[3]2 / Configuration Mode: The pull-up/pull-down value is latched as PHYADDR[1] during reset. See "Strapping Options" section for details. 2 MII Mode: MII Receive Data Output[2] / Configuration Mode: The pull-up/pull-down value is latched as PHYADDR[2] during reset. See "Strapping Options" section for details. MII Mode: Receive Data Output[1]2 / RMII Mode: Receive Data Output[1]3 / Configuration Mode: The pull-up/pull-down value is latched as PHYADDR[3] during reset. See "Strapping Options" section for details. MII Mode: Receive Data Output[0]2 / RMII Mode: Receive Data Output[0]3 / SMII Mode: Receive Data and Control4 / Configuration Mode: The pull-up/pull-down value is latched as PHYADDR[4] during reset. See "Strapping Options" section for details. Digital IO 2.5 /3.3V tolerance power supply. Ground MII Mode: Receive Data Valid Output / RMII Mode: Carrier Sense/Receive Data Valid / Configuration Mode: The pull-up/pull-down value is latched as pcs_lpbk during reset. See "Strapping Options" section for details. MII Receive Clock Output Operating at: 25 MHz = 100 Mbps 2.5 MHz = 10 Mbps Configuration Mode: The pull-up/pull-down value is latched as SMII during reset. See "Strapping Options" section for details. MII Mode: Receive Error Output / RMII Mode: Receive Error / Configuration Mode: The pull-up/pull-down value is latched as ISOLATE during reset. See "Strapping Options" section for details. Ground Digital core 1.8 V only power supply MII Transmit Error Input MII Mode: MII Transmit Clock Output / RMII Mode: 50 MHz Reference Clock Input / SMII Mode: 125 MHz Synchronization Clock Input MII Transmit Enable Input MII Mode: Transmit Data Input[0] / RMII Mode: Transmit Data Input[0] / SMII Mode: Transmit Data and Control
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KS8001 Pin Number 18 Pin Name TXD1/ TXD[1]/ SYNC TXD2 TXD3 COL /
RMII_SELECT
Micrel Type (Note 1) Ipd Pin Function MII Mode: Transmit Data Input[1] / RMII Mode: Transmit Data Input[1] / SMII Mode: SYNC MII Transmit Data Input[2] MII Transmit Data Input[3] MII Collision Detect Output Configuration Mode: The pull-up/pull-down value is latched as RMII select during reset. See "Strapping Options" section for details. MII Carrier Sense Output Configuration Mode: The pull-up/pull-down value is latched as RMII Loopback during reset when RMII mode is selected. See "Strapping Options section" for details. Ground Digital IO 2.5 / 3.3V tolerance power supply Management Interface (MII) Interrupt Out. Configuration Mode: Latched as PHYAD[0] during power up / reset. See "Strapping Options" section for details. Programmable LED Output 0 Configuration Mode: The external pull down enable test mode and only used for tfactory test. Active Low. The LED0 pin is also programmable via register 1eh. LED mode = 00 Link/Act No Link Link Activity LED mode = 01 Link No Link Link LED mode = 10 10Mbps Link No Link Pin State H LED Definition Off Pin State H L LED Definition Off On Pin State H L LED Definition Off On Toggle
19 20 21
Ipd Ipd Ipd/O
22
CRS/ RMII_BTB
Ipd/O
23 24 25
GND VDDIO INT#/ PHYAD0 LED0/ TEST
Gnd Pwr Ipu/O
26
Ipu/O
27
LED1 / SPD100/ noFEF
Ipu/O
Link L On Programmable LED Output 1 Configuration Mode: Latched as SPEED (Register 0, bit 13) during power up / reset. See "Strapping Options" Section for details. Active Low. The LED1 pin is also programmable via register 1eh. LED mode = 00 Speed 10BT 100BT LED mode = 01 Speed 10BT 100BT Pin State H L LED Definition Off On Pin State H L LED Definition Off On
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KS8001 Pin Number Pin Name Type (Note 1) Pin Function LED mode = 10 100Mbps Link No Link 28 LED2/ DUPLEX Ipu/O Pin State H LED Definition Off
Micrel
Link L On Programmable LED Output 2 Configuration Mode: Latched as DUPLEX (register 0h, bit 8) during power up / reset. See "Strapping Options" Section for details. Active Low. The LED2 pin is also programmable via register 1eh. LED mode = 00 Duplex Half Full LED mode = 01 Full Duplex/Col Half Full Collision LED mode = 10 Duplex Half Pin State H LED Definition Off Pin State H L LED Definition Off On Toggle Pin State H L LED Definition Off On
29
LED3/ NWAYEN
Ipu/O
Full L On Programmable LED Output 3 Configuration Mode: Latched as ANEG_EN (register 0h, bit 12) during power up / reset. See "Strapping Options" Section for details. Active Low. The LED3 pin is also programmable via register 1eh. LED mode = 00 Collision No Collision Collision LED mode = 01 Activity Activity LED mode = 10 Activity Pin State LED Definition Activity Toggle Power Down. 1=Normal operation, 0=Power down, Active low Pin State LED Definition Toggle Pin State H L LED Definition Off On
30 31 32 33 34 35
PD# VDDRX RXRX+ FXSD/ FXEN GND
Ipu Pwr I I Ipd/O Gnd
Analog 1.8 V power supply
Receive Input Differential receive input pins for FX, 100BASE-TX or 10BASE-T Receive Input Differential receive input pin for FX, 100BASE-TX or 10BASE-T Fiber Mode Enable / Signal Detect in Fiber Mode If FXEN=0, FX mode is disable. The default is "0". See "100BT FX Mode" section for more details. Ground
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KS8001 Pin Number 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 Pin Name GND REXT VDDRCV GND TXTX+ NC NC GND XO XI VDDPLL RST# Type (Note 1) Gnd I Pwr Gnd O O Pin Function Ground External resistor (6.65K ) connects to REXT and GNDRX
Micrel
Analog 3.3 V power supply (See "Circuit design ref for power supply" section for details)
Ground Transmit Outputs Differential transmit output for 100BASE-TX/FX or 10BASE-T Transmit Outputs Differential transmit output for FX, 100BASE-TX/FX or 10BASE-T No Connect No Connect Ground XTAL feedback Used with XI for Xtal application. Crystal Oscillator Input Input for a crystal or an external 25 MHz clock Analog PLL 1.8 V power supply Chip Reset Active low, minimum of 50 us pulse is required
Gnd O I Pwr Ipu
Note 1: Pwr = power supply; Gnd = ground; I = input; O = output; I/O = bi-directional Ipu = input w/ internal pull up; Ipd = input w/ internal pull down; Note 2:
Ipu/O = input w/ internal pull up during reset, output pin otherwise; Ipd/O = input w/ internal pull down during reset, output pin otherwise; PD = strap pull down; PU = strap pull up;
MII Rx Mode: The RXD[3..0] bits are synchronous with RXCLK. When RXDV is asserted, RXD [3..0] presents valid data to MAC through the MII. RXD [3..0] is invalid when RXDV is de-asserted. Note 3: RMII Rx Mode: The RXD[1..0] bits are synchronous with REF_CLK. For each clock period in which CRS_DV is asserted, two bits of recovered data are sent from the PHY. Note 4: SMII Rx Mode: Receive data and control information are sent in 10 bit segments. In 100MBit mode, each segment represents a new byte of data. In 10MBit mode, each segment is repeated ten times; therefore, every ten segments represents a new byte of data. The MAC can sample any one of every 10 segments in 10MBit mode. Note 5: MII Tx Mode: The TXD[3..0] bits are synchronous with TXCLK. When TXEN is asserted, TXD [3..0] presents valid data from the MAC through the MII. TXD [3..0] has no effect when TXEN is de-asserted. Note 6: RMII Tx Mode: The TXD[1..0] bits are synchronous with REF_CLK. For each clock period in which TX_EN is asserted, two bits of recovered data are recovered by the PHY. Note 7: SMII Tx Mode: Transmit data and control information are received in 10 bit segments. In 100MBit mode, each segment represents a new byte of data. In 10MBit mode, each segment is repeated ten times; therefore, every ten segments represents a new byte of data. The PHY can sample any one of every 10 segments in 10MBit mode. May 2005 - SPECIFICATIONS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE KS8001
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Strapping Options
Pin Number 6,5, 4,3 25 Pin Name PHYAD[4:1] / RXD[0:3] PHYAD0/ INT# PCS_LPBK/ RXDV SMII_SELECT / RXC Type (Note 2) Ipd/O Description PHY Address latched at power-up / reset. The default PHY address is 00001.
Ipu/O
9
Ipd/O
Enables PCS_LPBK mode at power-up / reset. PD (default) = Disable, PU = Enable
Enables SMII mode at power-up / reset. PD (default) = Disable, PU = Enable 11 ISO / RXER Ipd/O Enables ISOLATE mode at power-up /reset. PD (default) = Disable, PU = Enable 21 Ipd/O Enables RMII mode at power-up / reset. RMII_SELECT / COL PD (default) = Disable, PU = Enable 22 Ipd/O Enable RMII_BTB mode at power-up / reset. RMII_BTB/ CRS PD (default) = Disable, PU = Enable Ipu/O Latched into Register 0h bit 13 during power-up / reset. 27 SPD100 / PD = 10Mb/s, PU (default) = 100Mb/s. No FEF / LED1 If SPD100 is asserted during power-up / reset, this pin also latched as the Speed Support in register 4h. (If FXEN is pulled up, the latched value 0 means no Far _End _Fault.) 28 Ipu/O Latched into Register 0h bit 8 during power-up / reset. DUPLEX/ LED2 PD = Half Duplex, PU (default) = Full duplex. If Duplex is pulled up during reset, this pin also latched as the Duplex support in register 4h. 29 Ipu/O Nway (auto-=Negotiation) Enable NWAYEN/ LED3 Latched into Register 0h bit 12 during power-up / reset. PD = Disable Auto-Negotiation, PU (default) = Enable AutoNegotiation 30 PD# Ipu Power Down Enable PU (default) = Normal operation, PD = Power down mode Note: Strap-in is latched during power up or reset. In some systems, the MAC RXD pins may drive high at all times causing the PHY strap-in to be latched high during power up or system reset. In this case, it is recommended to use a strong pull down to GND via 1kohm resistor on RXDV, RXC, and RXER pins. Otherwise, the PHY may stay in Isolate or loop back modes.
10
Ipd/O
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Pin Configuration
Top View SSOP 48
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
MDIO MDC RXD3/PHYAD1 RXD2/PHYAD2 RXD1/PHYAD3 RXD0/PHYAD4 VDDIO GND RXDV/PCS_LPBK RXC RXER/ISO GND VDDC TXER TXC/REF_CLK TXEN TXD0 TXD1 TXD2 TXD3 COL/RMII CRS/RMII_BTB GND VDDIO
RST# VDDPLL XI XO GND NC NC TX+ TXGND
48 47
RST# 48
VDDPLL 47
XI 46
XO 45
GND 44
NC 43
NC 42
TX+ 41
TX- 40
GND 39
VDDRCV 38
46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25
12 10 11 5 6 7 8 9 3 4 1 2
MDIO MDC RXD3/PHYAD1 RXD2/PHYAD2 RXD1/PHYAD3 RXD0/PHYAD4 VDDIO GND RXDV/PCS_LPBK RXC CRS/RMII_BTB TXC/REF_CLK RXER/ISO GND VDDC TXER
REXT 37 GND 36 GND 35 FXSD/FXEN 34 RX+ 33 RX- 32 VDDRX 31 PD# 30 LED0/TEST 26
24
Top View LQFP 48
KS8001S
VDDRCV REXT GND GND FXSD/FXEN RX+ RXVDDRX PD#
KS8001L
LED3/NWAYEN 29 LED2/DUPLEX 28 LED1/SPD100 27
LED3/NWAYEN LED2/DUPLEX LED1/SPD100 LED0/TEST INT#/PHYAD0
COL/RMII
INT#/PHYAD0 25 VDDIO GND
23
TXEN
TXD0
TXD1
TXD2
19
13
14
15
16
17
18
20
TXD3
21
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Functional Description
100BASE-TX Transmit
The 100BASE-TX transmit function performs parallel-to-serial conversion, NRZ to NRZI conversion, MLT-3 encoding and transmission. The circuitry starts with a parallel-to-serial conversion, which converts the 25 MHz, 4-bit nibbles into a 125 MHz serial bit stream. The incoming data is clocked in at the positive edge of the TXC signal. The serialized data is further converted from NRZ to NRZI format, and then transmitted in MLT3 current output. The output current is set by an external 1% 6.65 K resistor for the 1:1 transformer ratio. It has typical rise/fall times of 4 ns and complies with the ANSI TP-PMD standard regarding amplitude balance, overshoot and timing jitter. The wave-shaped 10BASE-T output driver is also incorporated into the 100BASE-TX driver.
100BASE-TX Receive
The 100BASE-TX receive function performs adaptive equalization, DC restoration, MLT-3 to NRZI conversion, data and clock recovery, NRZI to NRZ conversion, and serial-to-parallel conversion. The receiving side starts with the equalization filter to compensate for inter-symbol interference (ISI) over the twisted pair cable. Since the amplitude loss and phase distortion are a function of the length of the cable, the equalizer has to adjust its characteristic to optimize performance. In this design, the variable equalizer will make an initial estimation based upon comparisons of incoming signal strength against some known cable characteristics, then tunes itself for optimization. This is an ongoing process and can self adjust against environmental changes such as temperature variations. The equalized signal then goes through a DC restoration and data conversion block. The DC restoration circuit is used to compensate for the effects of base line wander and to improve the dynamic range. The differential data conversion circuit converts the MLT3 format back to NRZI. The slicing threshold is also adaptive. The clock recovery circuit extracts the 125 MHz clock from the edges of the NRZI signal. This recovered clock is then used to convert the NRZI signal into the NRZ format. Finally, the NRZ serial data is converted to 4-bit parallel 4B nibbles. A synchronized 25 MHz RXC is generated so that the 4B nibbles is clocked out at the negative edge of RCK25 and is valid for the receiver at the positive edge. When no valid data is present, the clock recovery circuit is locked to the 25 Mz reference clock and both TXC and RXC clocks continue to run.
PLL Clock Synthesizer
The KS8001 generates 125 Mz, 25 Mz and 20 Mz clocks for system timing. An internal crystal oscillator circuit provides the reference clock for the synthesizer.
Scrambler/De-scrambler (100BASE-TX only)
The purpose of the scrambler is to spread the power spectrum of the signal in order to reduce EMI and baseline wander.
10BASE-T Transmit
When TXEN (transmit enable) goes high, data encoding and transmission will begin. The KS8001 will continue to encode and transmit data as long as TXEN remains high. The data transmission will end when TXEN goes low. The last transition occurs at the boundary of the bit cell if the last bit is zero, or at the center of the bit cell if the last bit is one. The output driver is incorporated into the 100BASE- driver to allow transmission with the same magnetics. They are internally wave-shaped and pre-emphasized into outputs with a typical 2.5 V amplitude. The harmonic contents are at least 27 dB below the fundamental when driven by an all-ones Manchester-encoded signal.
10BASE-T Receive
On the receive side, input buffer and level detecting squelch circuits are employed. A differential input receiver circuit and a PLL performs the decoding function. The Manchester-encoded data stream is separated into clock signal and NRZ data. A squelch circuit rejects signals with levels less than 300 mV or with short pulse widths in order to prevent noises at the RX+ or RX- input from falsely trigger the decoder. When the input exceeds the squelch limit, the PLL locks onto the incoming signal and the KS8001 decodes a data frame. This activates the carrier sense (CRS) ad RXDV signals and makes the receive data (RXD) available. The receive clock is maintained active during idle periods in between data reception.
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SQE and Jabber Function (10BASE-T only)
In 10BASE-T operation, a short pulse will be put out on the COL pin after each packet is transmitted. This is required as a test of the 10BASE-T transmit/receive path and is called SQE test. The 10BASE-T transmitter will be disabled and COL will go high if TXEN is High for more than 20 ms (Jabbering). If TXEN then goes low for more than 250 ms, the 10BASE-T transmitter will be re-enabled and COL will go Low.
Auto-Negotiation
The KS8001 performs auto-negotiation by hardware strapping option (pin 29) or software (Register 0.12). It will automatically choose its mode of operation by advertising its abilities and comparing them with those received from its link partner whenever autonegotiation is enabled. It can also be configured to advertise 100BASE-TX or 10BASE-T in either full- or half-duplex mode. Autonegotiation is disabled in FX mode. During auto-negotiation, the contents of Register 4, coded in Fast Link Pulse (FLP), will be sent to its link partner under the conditions of power-on, link-loss or re-start. At the same time, the KS8001 will monitor incoming data to determine its mode of operation. Parallel detection circuit will be enabled as soon as either 10BASE-T NLP (Normal Link Pulse) or 100BASE-TX idle is detected. The operation mode is configured based on the following priority: * * * * Priority 1: 100BASE-TX, full-duplex Priority 2: 100BASE-TX, half-duplex Priority 3: 10BASE-T, full-duplex Priority 4: 10BASE-T, half-duplex
When the KS8001 receives a burst of FLP from its link partner with 3 identical link code words (ignoring acknowledge bit), it will store these code words in Register 5 and wait for the next 3 identical code words. Once the KS8001 detects the second code words, it then configures itself according to the above-mentioned priority. In addition, the KS8001 also checks for 100BASE-TX idle or 10BASE-T NLP symbols. If either is detected, the KS8001 automatically configures to match the detected operating speed.
MII Management Interface
The KS8001 supports the IEEE 802.3 MII Management Interface, also known as the Management Data Input / Output (MDIO) Interface. This interface allows upper-layer devices to monitor and control the state of the KS8001. The MDIO interface consists of the following: * * * A physical connection including a data line (MDIO), a clock line (MDC) and an optional interrupt line (INTRPT) A specific protocol that runs across the above-mentioned physical connection and it also allows one controller to communicate with multiple KS8001 devices. Each KS8001 is assigned an MII address between 0 and 31 by the PHYAD inputs. An internal addressable set of fourteen 16-bit MDIO registers. Register [0:6] are required and their functions are specified by the IEEE 802.3 specifications. Additional registers are provided for expanded functionality.
The INTPRT pin functions as a management data interrupt in the MII. An active Low or High in this pin indicates a status change on the KS8001 based upon 1fh.9 level control. Register bits at 1bh[15:8] are the interrupt enable bits. Register bits at 1bh[7:0] are the interrupt condition bits. This interrupt is cleared by reading Register 1bh.
MII Data Interface
The data interface consists of separate channels for transmitting data from a 10/100 802.3 compliant Media Access Controller (MAC) to the KS8001, and for receiving data from the line. Normal data transmission is implemented in 4B Nibble Mode (4-bit wide nibbles). Transmit Clock (TXC): The transmit clock is normally generated by the KS8001 from an external 25MHz reference source at the X1 input. The transmit data and control signals must always be synchronized to the TXC by the MAC. The KS8001 normally samples these signals on the rising edge of the TXC.
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Receive Clock (RXC): For 100BASE-TX links, the receive clock is continuously recovered from the line. If the link goes down, and auto-negotiation is disabled, the receive clock then operates off the master input clock (X1 or TXC). For 10BASE-T links, the receive clock is recovered from the line while carrier is active, and operates from the master input clock when the line is idle. The KS8001 synchronizes the receive data and control signals on the falling edge of RXC in order to stabilize the signals at the rising edge of the clock with 10ns setup and hold times. Transmit Enable: The MAC must assert TXEN at the same time as the first nibble of the preamble, and de-assert TXEN after the last bit of the packet. Receive Data Valid: The KS8001 asserts RXDV when it receives a valid packet. Line operating speed and MII mode will determine timing changes in the following way: * * For 100BASE-TX link with the MII in 4B mode, RXDV is asserted from the first nibble of the preamble to the last nibble of the data packet. For 10BASE-T links, the entire preamble is truncated. RXDV is asserted with the first nibble of the SFD " 5D" and remains asserted until the end of the packet.
Error Signals: Whenever the KS8001 receives an error symbol from the network, it asserts RXER and drives "1110" (4B) on the RXD pins. When the MAC asserts TXER, the KS8001 will drive "H" symbols (a Transmit Error define in the IEEE 802.3 4B/5B code group) out on the line to force signaling errors. Carrier Sense (CRS): For 100TX links, a start-of-stream delimiter, or /J/K symbol pair causes assertion of Carrier Sense (CRS). An end-of-stream delimiter,or /T/R symbol pair causes de-assertion of CRS. The PMA layer will also de-assert CRS if IDLE symbols are received without /T/R, yet in this case RXER will be asserted for one clock cycle when CRS is de-asserted. For 10T links, CRS assertion is based on reception of valid preamble, and de-assertion on reception of an end-of-frame (EOF) marker. Collision: Whenever the line state is half-duplex and the transmitter and receiver are active at the same time, then the KS8001 asserts its collision signal, which is asynchronous to any clock.
RMII (Reduced MII) Data Interface
RMII interface specifies a low pin count (Reduced) Media Independent Interface (RMII) intended for use between Ethernet PHYs and Switch or Repeater ASICs. It is fully compliant with IEEE 802.3u [2]. This interface has the following characteristics: * * * * It is capable of supporting 10Mb/s and 100Mb/s data rates A single clock reference is sourced from the MAC to PHY (or from an external source) It provides independent 2 bit wide (di-bit) transmit and receive data paths It uses TTL signal levels, compatible with common digital CMOS ASIC processes
RMII Signal Definition
Signal Name REF_CLK CRS_DV RXD[1:0] TX_EN TXD[1:0] Direction (with respect to the PHY) Input Output Output Input Input Direction (with respect to the MAC) Input or Output Use Synchronous clock reference for receive, transmit and control interface Carrier Sense/Receive Data Valid Receive Data Transit Enable Transit Data
Input Input Output Output Input Receive Error RX_ER Output (Not Required) Note: Unused MII signals, TXD[3:2], TXER need to be tied to GND when RMII is used
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KS8001
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Reference Clock (REF_CLK)
REF_CLK is a continuous 50 MHz clock that provides the timing reference for CRS_DV, RXD[1:0], TX_EN, TXD[1:0], and RX_ER. REF_CLK is sourced by the MAC or an external source. Switch implementations may choose to provide REF_CLK as an input or an output depending on whether they provide a REF_CLK output or rely on an external clock distribution device. Each PHY device shall have an input corresponding to this clock but may use a single clock input for multiple PHYs implemented on a single IC.
Carrier Sense/Receive Data Valid (CRS_DV)
CRS_DV is asserted asynchronously on detection of carrier due to the criteria relevant to the operating mode. That is, in 10BASE-T mode, when squelch is passed or in 100BASE-X mode when 2 non-contiguous zeroes in 10 bits are detected carrier is said to be detected. Loss of carrier shall result in the de-assertion of CRS_DV synchronous to REF_CLK. So long as carrier criteria are being met, CRS_DV shall remain asserted continuously from the first recovered di-bit of the frame through the final recovered di-bit and shall be negated prior to the first REF_CLK that follows the final di-bit. The data on RXD[1:0] is considered valid once CRS_DV is asserted. However, since the assertion of CRS_DV is asynchronous relative to REF_CLK, the data on RXD[1:0] shall be "00" until proper receive signal decoding takes place (see definition of RXD[1:0] behavior).
Receive Data [1:0] (RXD[1:0])
RXD[1:0] shall transition synchronously to REF_CLK. For each clock period in which CRS_DV is asserted, RXD[1:0] transfers two bits of recovered data from the PHY. In some cases (e.g. before data recovery or during error conditions) a pre-determined value for RXD[1:0] is transferred instead of recovered data. RXD[1:0] shall be "00" to indicate idle when CRS_DV is de-asserted. Values of RXD[1:0] other than "00" when CRS_DV is de-asserted are reserved for out-of-band signaling (to be defined). Values other than "00" on RXD[1:0] while CRS_DV is de-asserted shall be ignored by the MAC/repeater. Upon assertion of CRS_DV, the PHY shall ensure that RXD[1:0]=00 until proper receive decoding takes place.
Transmit Enable (TX_EN)
Transmit Enable TX_EN indicates that the MAC is presenting di-bits on TXD[1:0] on the RMII for trans-mission. TX_EN shall be asserted synchronously with the first nibble of the preamble and shall remain asserted while all di-bits to be transmitted are presented to the RMII. TX_EN shall be negated prior to the first REF_CLK following the final di-bit of a frame. TX_EN shall transition synchronously with respect to REF_CLK.
Transmit Data [1:0] (TXD[1:0])
Transmit Data TXD[1:0] shall transition synchronously with respect to REF_CLK. When TX_EN is asserted, TXD[1:0] are accepted for transmission by the PHY. TXD[1:0] shall be "00" to indicate idle when TX_EN is de-asserted. Values of TXD[1:0] other than "00" when TX_EN is de-asserted are reserved for out-of-band signaling (to be defined). Values other than "00" on TXD[1:0] while TX_EN is disserted shall be ignored by the PHY.
Collision Detection
Since the definition of CRS_DV and TX_EN both contain an accurate indication of the start of frame, the MAC can reliably regenerate the COL signal of the MII by Ending TX_EN and CRS_DV. During the IPG time following the successful transmission of a frame, the COL signal is asserted by some transceivers as a self-test. The Signal Quality Error (SQE) function will not be supported by the reduced MII due to the lack of the COL signal. Historically, SQE was present to indicate that a transceiver located physically remote from the MAC was functioning. Since the reduced MII only supports chip-to-chip connections on a PCB, SQE functionality is not required.
RX_ER
The PHY shall provide RX_ER as an output according to the rules specified in IEEE 802.3u [2] (see Clause 24, Figure 24-11 Receive State Diagram). RX_ER shall be asserted for one or more REF_CLK periods to indicate that an error (e.g. a coding error or any error that a PHY is capable of detecting, and that may otherwise be undetectable by the MAC sublayer) was detected somewhere in the frame presently being transferred from the PHY. RX_ER shall transition synchronously with respect to REF_CLK. While CRS_DV is de-asserted, RX_ER shall have no effect on the MAC.
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RMII AC Characteristics RMII Transmit Timing
20ns
REF_CLK
t1 t2
TXD[1:0] TXEN TXER
Parameter REF_CLK Frequency TXEN, TXD[1:0], TX_EN, Data Setup to REF_CLK rising edge TXEN, TXD[1:0], TX_EN, Data hold from REF_CLK rising edge
Min 4 2
Typ 50
Max
Units MHz ns ns
RMII Receive Timing
20ns
REF_CLK
RXD[1:0] RXDV RXER
tod
Parameter REF_CLK Frequency RXD[1:0], CRS_DV, RX_ER Output delay from REF_CLK rising edge Min 2.8 Typ 50 Max 10 Units MHz ns
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SMII Signal Definition
SMII is composed of two signals per port, a global synchronization signal, and a global 125MHz reference clock. All signals are synchronous to the clock. All SMII I/F uses a common 125MHz reference clock and SYNC signals that are synchronous to the reference clock. There are two signals in SMII from MAC-to-PHY for each port (TXD and TxSYNC), and one signal per port from PHY-to-MAC (RXD). The Serial Media Independent Interface (SMII) is designed to satisfy the following requirements: * Convey complete MII information between a 10/100 PHY and MAC with two pins per port. * Allow a multi-port MAC/PHY communication with one system clock. * Operate in both half and full duplex. * Per packet switching between 10Mbit and 100Mbit data rates. * Allow direct MAC to MAC communication.
SMII Signals
Signal Name RX TX SYNC Clock From PHY MAC MAC System To MAC PHY PHY MAC&PHY Use Receive Data and Control Transmit Data and Control Synchronization Synchronization
Receive Path
Receive data and control information are signaled in ten bit segments. In 100Mbit mode, each segment represents a new byte of data. In 10Mbit mode, each segment is repeated ten times; therefore, every ten segments represent a new byte of data. The MAC can simply any one of every 10 segment ion 10Mbit mode. Segment boundaries are delimited by SYNC. The MAC continuously generates a pulse on SYNC every 10 clocks.
Receive Sequence Diagram
R X_C LK
R X_SYN C
RX
CRS
RX_DV
RXD0
RXD1
RXD2
RXD3
RXD4
RXD5
RXD6
RXD7
RX contains all of the information found on the receive path of the standard MII. Bits Purpose CRS Carrier Sense - identical to MII, except that it is not an asynchronous signal RX_DV Receive Data Valid - identical to MII RXD7-0 Encoded Data, see the RXD0-7 Encoding table RX - Bit Description RXD7-0 are used to convey packet data, RX_ER, and PHY status. The MAC can infer the meaning of RXD on a segment-by-basis by encoding the two control bits.
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KS8001 CRS X RX_DV 0 RXD0 RX_ER from previous frame RXD1 Speed 0=10Mbit 1=100Mbit RXD2 Duplex 0=Half 1=Full RXD3 Link 0=Down 1=Up RXD4 Jabber 0=OK 1=Error RXD5 Upper Nibble 0=invalid 1=valid RXD6 False Carrier Detected
Micrel RXD7 1
X
1
One Data Byte (Two MII Data Nibble)
TXD7 - 0 Encoding Inter-frame status bit RXD5 conveys the validity of the upper nibble of the byte of the previous frame. Inter-frame status bit RXD0 indicates whether or not the PHY detected an error somewhere on the previous frame. Both of these bits should be valid in the segment immediately following a frame, and should stay valid until the first data segment of the next frame begins. When asserted, inter-frame status bit RXD6 indicates that the PHY has detected a false carrier event. In order to send receive data to the MAC synchronous to the reference clock, the PHY must pass the data through an elasticity FIFO to handle any difference between the reference clock rate and the clock at the packet source. The Ethernet specification calls for packet data to be referenced to a clock with a frequency tolerance of 100ppm (0.01%); however, it is not uncommon to encounter Ethernet stations with clocks that have frequency errors up to 0.1%. Therefore, the elasticity FIFO should be at least 27 bits * long, filling to the half-way point before beginning valid data transfer via RX. RX_ER should be asserted if, during the reception of a frame, this fifo overflows or underflows. Only RXD and RX_DV should be passed through the elasticity FIFO. CRS should not be passed through the elasticity FIFO. Instead, CRS should be asserted for the time the `wire' is busy receiving a frame.
Transmit Path
Transmit data and control information are signaled in ten bit segments, just like the receive path. In 100Mbit mode, each segment represents anew byte of data. In 10Mbit mode each segment is repeated ten times; therefore, every ten segments represents a new byte of data. The PHY can sample any one of every 10 segments in 10Mbit mode. Segment boundaries are delimited by SYNC. The MAC continuously generates a pulse on SYNC every 10 clocks.
Transmit Sequence Diagram
TX_CLK
TX_SYNC
TX
TX_ER
TX_EN
TXD0
TXD1
TXD2
TXD3
TXD4
TXD5
TXD6
TXD7
Bits TX_EN TX_ER TXD7-0 TX- Bit Description
Purpose Transmit Enable - identical to MII Transmit Error - identical to MII Encoded Data - see TXD7-0 Encoding Table
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KS8001
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As far as the PHY is concerned, TXD7-0 are used to convey only packet data. To allow for a direct MAC to MAC connection, the MAC uses TXD7-0 to signal `status' in between frames. TX_ER x TX_EN 0 TXD0 Use to force an error in a direct MAC to MAC connection TXD1 1 100MBit TXD2 1 Full Duplex TXD3 1 Link Up TXD4 0 No Jabber TXD7-5 1
x TXD7 - 0 Encoding
1
One Data Byte (Two MII Data Nibbles)
Collision Detection
Collisions occur when CRS and TX_EN are simultaneously asserted. For this to work, the PHY must ensure that CRS is not affected by its transmit path.
DC Specification
Parameter Input High Voltage Input Low Voltage Input High Current Input Low Current Symbol Vih Vil Iih Iil Min 2.0 -10 -10 Max 0.8 10 10 Units Volts Volts uA uA
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KS8001
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Timing Specification
Parameter Input Setup Input Hold Output Delay Min 1.5 1 1.5 Max Units ns ns ns
5
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KS8001
Micrel
HP Auto Crossover (Auto MDI/MDI-X)
Automatic MDI/MDI-X configuration is intended to eliminate the need for crossover cables between similar devices. The assignment of pin-outs for a 10/100 BASE-T crossover function cable is shown below. This feature can eliminate the confusion in real applications by allowing both straight cable and crossover cables. This feature is controlled by register 1f:13, see "Register 1fh" section for details.
S tr a ig h t T h r o u g h C a b le
1 0 /1 0 0 B a s e -T M e d ia D e p e n d e n t I n t e r f a c e 1 0 /1 0 0 B a s e -T M e d ia D e p e n d e n t I n t e r f a c e
1
1
T r a n s m it P a ir
2 3 4 2 3 4
R e c e iv e P a ir
R e c e iv e P a ir
5 6 7 8 5 6 7 8
T r a n s m it P a ir
M o d u la r C o n n e c t o r (R J 4 5 ) N IC
M o d u la r C o n n e c t o r (R J 4 5 ) HUB ( R e p e a t e r o r S w it c h )
C r o s s o v e r C a b le
1 0 /1 0 0 B A S E -T M e d ia D e p e n d e n t I n t e r f a c e 1 0 /1 0 0 B a s e -T M e d ia D e p e n d e n t I n t e r f a c e
1
1
R e c e iv e P a ir
2 3 4 2 3 4
R e c e iv e P a ir
T r a n s m it P a ir
5 6 7 8 5 6 7 8
T r a n s m it P a ir
M o d u la r C o n n e c t o r ( R J 4 5 ) HUB ( R e p e a t e r o r S w it c h )
M o d u la r C o n n e c t o r ( R J 4 5 ) HUB ( R e p e a t e r o r S w it c h )
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Auto MDI/MDI-X Cross-Over Transformer Connection
KS8001 features HP Auto MDI/MDI-X crossover and requires symmetric transformers that support Auto MDI/MDI-X. See Selection of Isolation Transformers on p. 43 for a list of transformers that support Auto MDI/MDI-X.
Power Management
The KS8001 offers the following modes for power management: * * Power Down Mode: This mode can be achieved by writing to Register 0.11 or pulling pin 30 PD# Low. In the power down state, the KS8061 disables all internal functions and drives output pins to logic zero, except for the MII serial management interface. Power Saving Mode: writing to register 1fh.10 can disable this mode. The KS8001 will then turn off everything except for the Energy Detect and PLL circuits when the cable is not installed. In other words, the KS8001 will shutdown most of the internal circuits to save power if there is no link. Power Saving mode will be in this most effective state when AutoNegotiation Mode is enabled.
100BT FX Mode
100BT FX mode is activated when FXSD/FXEN is higher than 0.6V (This pin has a default pull down). Under this mode, the autonegotiation and auto-MDIX features are disabled. In fiber operation FXSD pin should connect to the SD (signal detect) output of the fiber module. The internal threshold of FXSD is around Vdd +/- 50 mV (2.2V +/- 0.05V at 3.3V). Above this level, it is considered Fiber signal detected, and the operation is summarized in the following table: FXSD/FXEN Less than 0.6V Less than 2.15V, but greater than 0.6V Greater than 2.25V Condition 100TX mode FX mode No signal detected FEF generated FX mode Signal detected
To ensure proper operation, the swing of fiber module SD should cover the threshold variation. A resistive voltage divider is recommended to adjust the SD voltage range. FEF (Far End Fault), repetition of a special pattern, which consists of 84-ones and 1-zero, is generated under "FX mode with no signal detected". The purpose of FEF is to notify the sender of a faulty link. When receiving a FEF, the LINK will go down to indicate a fault, even with fiber signal detected. The transmitter is not affected by receiving a FEF and still sends out its normal transmit pattern from MAC. FEF can be disabled by strapping pin27 low, please refer to "Strapping Options" section.
Media converter operation
The KS8001 is capable of performing media conversion with 2 parts in a back-to-back RMII mode as indicated in the diagram. Both parts are in RMII mode and with RMII_BTB asserted (pin21 & 22 strapped high). One part is operating at TX mode and the other in FX mode. Both parts can share a common 50MHz oscillator. Under this operation, auto-Negotiation on the TX side will prohibit 10BASE-T link up. Additional options can be implemented under this operation. Disable the transmitter and set it at tri-state by controlling the high TXD2 pin. In order to do this, RXD2 and TXD2 pins need to be connected via an inverter. When TXD2 pin is high in both the copper and fiber operation, it disables transmit. Meanwhile, the RXD2 pin on the copper side serves as the energy detect and can indicate if a line signal is detected. TXD3 should be tied low and RXD3 let float. Please contact your local Micrel FAE for a Media Converter reference design.
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KS8001
Vcc
Micrel
Rx +/-
21 22 Pin
RxD TxD
KS8001
Tx +/TxC/ Ref_CLK
OSC TxC/ Ref_CLK
50 MHz
FTx
KS8001
FRx (Fiber Mode) Pin 34 To the SD pin of the Fiber Module Pin 21 22
TxD RxD
Vcc
LinkMD Cable Diagnostics
The KS8001 utilizes time domain reflectometry (TDR) to analyze the cabling plant for common cabling problems such as open circuits, short circuits and impedance mismatches. LinkMD works by sending a pulse of known amplitude and duration down the MDI and MDIX pairs and analyzing the shape of the reflected signal. Timing the duration gives an indication of the distance to the cabling fault with maximum distance of 200 m and accuracy of +/- 2 m. Cable diagnostics are only valid for copper connections and do not support fiber optic operation. LinkMD is used by accessing register 1dh, the LinkMD Control/Status register in conjunction with register 1fh, the 100BASE-TX PHY Controller register. To use LinkMD, HP Auto-MDIX is disabled by writing a `1' to 1f:13 to enable manual control over which pair is used to transmit the LinkMD pulse. The self-clearing Cable diagnostic test enable bit, 1d.15 is set to `1' to start the test on this pair. When 1d.15 returns to `0', the test is complete. The test result is returned in 1d.14:13 and the distance is returned in 1d.8:0. The cable diagnostic test results are as follows: * * * * 00 = Valid test, normal condition 01 = Valid test, open circuit in cable 10 = Valid test, short circuit in cable 11 = Invalid test, LinkMD failed
The `11' case, Invalid test, occurs when it is not possible for the KS8001 to shut down the link partner. In this case, the test is not run, since it would not be possible for the KS8001 to determine if the detected signal is a reflection of the signal generated or a signal from another source. Cable length can be determined by multiplying the contents of 1d.8:0 by 0.39. This constant may be calibrated for different cabling conditions, including cables with a velocity of propagation that varies significantly from the norm.
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KS8001
Micrel
Reference Clock Connection Options
KS8001 is capable of performing three different kinds of clock speed options for connecting the external reference clock depends upon the different interface of using MII/RMII/SMII. The figures below illustrate the recommended connection for using the different interface options. Please see the selection of reference crystal table for specifications.
XI 25MHz Osc 100ppm NC NC XO
25MHz Oscillator Reference Clock Connection Diagram
22pF 22pF 22pF 22pF 25MHz Xtal 100ppm
XI
XO
25MHz Crystal Reference Clock Connection Diagram
VCC
XI
10K NC NC
XO
50/125MHz Osc 100ppm
REF_CLK
50/125MHz Oscillator Reference Clock Connection for RMII/SMII Mode Diagram
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Register Map
Register No. 0h 1h 2h 3h 4h 5h 6h 7h 8h 9h-14h 15h 16h - 1ah 1bh 1ch 1dh 1eh 1fh Address 0.15 0.14 0.13 Name Reset Loop-back Speed Select (LSB) Description Basic Control Register Basic Status Register PHY Identifier I PHY Identifier II Auto-Negotiation Advertisement Register Auto-Negotiation Link Partner Ability Register Auto-Negotiation Expansion Register Auto-Negotiation Next Page Register Link Partner Next Page Ability Reserved RXER Counter Register Reserved Interrupt Control/Status Register Reserved LinkMD Control/Status Register PHY Control Register 100BASE-TX PHY Control Register Description 1 = software reset. Bit is self-clearing 1 = loop-back mode 0 = normal operation 1 = 100Mb/s 0 = 10Mb/s Ignored if Auto-Negotiation is enabled (0.12 = 1) 1 = enable auto-negotiation process (override 0.13 and 0.8) 0 = disable auto-negotiation process 1 = power down mode 0 = normal operation 1 = electrical isolation of PHY from MII and TX+/TX0 = normal operation 1 = restart auto-negotiation process 0 = normal operation. Bit is self-clearing 1 = full duplex 0 = half duplex 1 = enable COL test 0 = disable COL test 0 = enable transmitter 1 = disable transmitter Mode RW/ SC RW RW Default 0 0 Set by SPD100
Register 0h - Basic Control
0.12
AutoNegotiation Enable Power Down
RW
Set by NWAYEN
0.11
RW
0
0.10
Isolate
RW
Set by ISO
0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6:1 0.0
Restart AutoNegotiation Duplex Mode Collision Test Reserved Disable Transmitter
RW/ SC RW RW RO R/W
0 Set by DUPLEX 0 0 0
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KS8001 Address 1.15 1.14 1.13 1.12 1.11 Name 100BASE-T4 100BASE-TX Full Duplex 100BASE-TX Half Duplex 10BASE-T Full Duplex 10BASE-T Half Duplex Reserved No Preamble AutoNegotiation Complete Remote Fault AutoNegotiation Ability Link Status Jabber Detect Extended Capability PHY ID Number Description 1 = T4 capable 0 = not T4 capable 1 = capable of 100BASE-X full duplex 0 = not capable of 100BASE-X full duplex 1 = capable of 100BASE-X half duplex 0 = not capable of 100BASE-X half duplex 1 = 10Mbps with full duplex 0 = no 10Mbps with full duplex capability 1 = 10Mbps with half duplex 0 = no 10Mbps with half duplex capability Mode RO RO RO RO RO Default 0 1 1 1 1
Micrel
Register 1h - Basic Status
1.10:7 1.6 1.5
1 = preamble suppression 0 = normal preamble 1 = auto-negotiation process completed 0 = auto-negotiation process not completed 1 = remote fault 0 = no remote fault 1 = capable to perform auto-negotiation 0 = unable to perform auto-negotiation 1 = link is up 0 = link is down 1 = jabber detected 0 = jabber not detected. Default is Low 1 = supports extended capabilities registers
RO RO RO
0 1 0
1.4 1.3
RO/LH RO
0 1
1.2 1.1 1.0
RO/LL RO/LH RO
0 0 1
Register 2h - PHY Identifier 1
2.15:0
rd th Assigned to the 3 through 18 bits of the Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI). Kendin Communication's OUI is 0010A1 (hex)
RO
0022h
Register 3h - PHY Identifier 2
3.15:10 PHY ID Number Model Number Revision Number Next Page Reserved Remote Fault Reserved
th th Assigned to the 19 through 24 bits of the Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI). Kendin Communication's OUI is 0010A1 (hex) Six bit manufacturer's model number Four bit manufacturer's model number
RO
000101
3.9:4 3.3:0
RO RO
100001 1010
Register 4h - Auto-Negotiation Advertisement
4.15 4.14 4.13 4.12 : 11 1 = next page capable 0 = no next page capability. 1 = remote fault supported 0 = no remote fault RW RO RW RO 0 0 0 0
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KS8001 Address 4.10 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.4:0 Name Pause 100BASE-T4 100BASE-TX Full Duplex 100BASE-TX 10BASE-T Full Duplex 10BASE-T Selector Field Description 1 = pause function supported 0 = no pause function 1 = T4 capable 0 = no T4 capability 1 = TX with full duplex 0 = no TX full duplex capability 1 = TX capable 0 = no TX capability 1 = 10Mbps with full duplex 0 = no 10Mbps full duplex capability 1 = 10Mbps capable 0 = no 10Mbps capability [00001] = IEEE 802.3 Mode RW RO RW RW RW RW RW Default 0 0
Micrel
Set by SPD100 & DUPLEX Set by SPD100 Set by DUPLEX 1 00001
Register 5h - Auto-Negotiation Link Partner Ability
5.15 5.14 5.13 5.12 5.11:10 Next Page Acknowledge Remote Fault Reserved Pause 5.10 5 .11 0 No PAUSE 1 Asymmetric PAUSE (link partner) 0 Symmetric PAUSE 1 Symmetric & Asymmetric PAUSE (local device) 1 = T4 capable 0 = no T4 capability 1 = TX with full duplex 0 = no TX full duplex capability 1 = TX capable 0 = no TX capability 1 = 10Mbps with full duplex 0 = no 10Mbps full duplex capability 1 = 10Mbps capable 0 = no 10Mbps capability [00001] = IEEE 802.3 1 = next page capable 0 = no next page capability 1 = link code word received from partner 0 = link code word not yet received 1 = remote fault detected 0 = no remote fault RO RO RO RO RO 0 0 0 0 0
5.9 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.4:0
100 BASE-T4 100BASE-TX Full Duplex 100BASE-TX 10BASE-T Full Duplex 10BASE-T Selector Field
RO RO RO RO RO RO
0 0 0 0 0 00001
Register 6h - Auto-Negotiation Expansion
6.15:5 Reserved RO 0
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KS8001 Address 6.4 6.3 Name Parallel Detection Fault Link Partner Next Page Able Next Page Able Page Received Link Partner AutoNegotiation Able Description 1 = fault detected by parallel detection 0 = no fault detected by parallel detection. 1 = link partner has next page capability 0 = link partner does not have next page capability 1 = local device has next page capability 0 = local device does not have next page capability 1 = new page received 0 = new page not yet received 1 = link partner has auto-negotiation capability 0 = link partner does not have auto-negotiation capability Mode RO/ LH RO Default 0 0
Micrel
6.2
RO
1
6.1 6.0
RO/ LH RO
0 0
Register 7h - Auto-Negotiation Next Page
7.15 7.14 7.13 7.12 7.11 Next Page Reserved Message Page Acknowledge2 Toggle 1 = message page 0 = unformatted page 1 = will comply with message 0 = cannot comply with message 1 = previous value of the transmitted link code word equaled logic One 0 = logic Zero 11-bit wide field to encode 2048 messages 1 = additional next page(s) will follow 0 = last page RW RO RW RW RO 0 0 1 0 0
7.10:0
Message Field
RW
001
Register 8h - Link Partner Next Page Ability
8.15 8.14 8.13 8.12 Next Page Acknowledge Message Page Acknowledge2 1 = additional Next Page(s) will follow 0 = last page 1 = successful receipt of link word 0 = no successful receipt of link word 1 = Message Page 0 = Unformatted Page 1 = able to act on the information 0 = not able to act on the information 1 = previous value of transmitted Link Code Word equal to logic zero 0 = previous value of transmitted Link Code Word equal to logic one RO RO RO RO 0 0 0 0
8.11
Toggle
RO
0
8.10:0
Message Field
RO
0
Register 15h - RXER Counter
15.15:0 RXER Counter RX Error counter for the RX_ER in each package RO 0000
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KS8001
MICREL CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 28
KS8001 Address Name Description Mode Default
Micrel
Register 1bh - Interrupt Control/Status Register
1b.15 Jabber Interrupt Enable Receive Error Interrupt Enable Page Received Interrupt Enable Parallel Detect Fault Interrupt Enable Link Partner Acknowledge Interrupt Enable Link Down Interrupt Enable Remote Fault Interrupt Enable Link Up Interrupt Enable Jabber Interrupt Receive Error Interrupt Page Receive Interrupt Parallel Detect Fault Interrupt Link Partner Acknowledge Interrupt Link Down Interrupt Remote Fault Interrupt Link Up Interrupt 1=Enable Jabber Interrupt 0=Disable Jabber Interrupt 1=Enable Receive Error Interrupt 0=Disable Receive Error Interrupt 1=Enable Page Received Interrupt 0=Disable Page Received Interrupt 1= Enable Parallel Detect Fault Interrupt 0= Disable Parallel Detect Fault Interrupt 1= Enable Link Partner Acknowledge Interrupt 0= Disable Link Partner Acknowledge Interrupt 1= Enable Link Down Interrupt 0= Disable Link Down Interrupt 1= Enable Remote Fault Interrupt 0= Disable Remote Fault Interrupt 1= Enable Link Up Interrupt 0= Disable Link Up Interrupt 1= Jabber Interrupt Occurred 0= Jabber Interrupt Does Not Occurred 1= Receive Error Occurred 0= Receive Error Does Not Occurred 1= Page Receive Occurred 0= Page Receive Does Not Occurred 1= Parallel Detect Fault Occurred 0= Parallel Detect Fault Does Not Occurred 1= Link Partner Acknowledge Occurred 0= Link Partner Acknowledge Does Not Occurred 1= Link Down Occurred 0= Link Down Does Not Occurred 1= Remote Fault Occurred 0= Remote Fault Does Not Occurred 1= Link Up Interrupt Occurred 0= Link Up Interrupt Does Not Occurred RW 0
1b.14
RW
0
1b.13
RW
0
1b.12
RW
0
1b.11
RW
0
1b.10
RW
0
1b.9
RW
0
1b.8
RW
0
1b.7 1b.6 1b.5 1b.4 1b.3
RO/SC RO/SC RO/SC RO/SC RO/SC
0 0 0 0 0
1b.2 1b.1 1b.0
RO/SC RO/SC RO/SC
0 0 0
Register 1dh - LinkMD Control/Status Register
1d.15 Cable diagnostic test enable 0 = Indicates cable diagnostic test has completed and the status information is valid for read. 1 = the cable diagnostic test is activated. This bit is self-clearing. RW SC 0
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KS8001
MICREL CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 29
KS8001 Address 1d.14:13 Name Cable diagnostic test result Description [00] = normal condition [01] = open condition has been detected in cable [10] = short condition has been detected in cable [11] = cable diagnostic test failed Mode RO Default 0
Micrel
1d.12:9 1d.8:0
Reserved Cable fault counter Distance to fault, approximately 0.39m*cabfaultcnt value RO 0
Register 1eh - PHY Control
1e:15:14 LED mode [00] = LED3 <- collision LED2 <- full duplex LED1 <- speed LED0 <- link/activity [01] = LED3 <- activity LED2 <- full duplex/collision LED1 <- speed LED0 <- link [10] = LED3 <- activity LED2 <- full duplex LED1 <- 100Mbps link LED0 <- 10Mbps link [11] = reserved 0 = Polarity is not reversed 1 = Polarity is reversed 0 = Far end fault detected 1 = Far end fault not detected 0 = MDIX 1 = MDI RW 0
1e.13 1e.12 1e.11 1e:10:8 1e:7 1e:6:0
Polarity Far end fault detect MDIX/MDI state Reserved Remote loopback Reserved
RO RO RO
0: normal mode 1: remote (analog) loop back is enable
RW
0
Register 1fh - 100BASE-TX PHY Controller
1f:15 Reserved
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KS8001
MICREL CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 30
KS8001 Address 1f:14 Name Mdi/mdix select when auto mdi/mdix is disable Pairswap disable Energy detect Description 0 = transmit on pair A (TPFINn/TPFIPn) and receive on pair B (TPFONn/TPFOPn). 1 = transmit on pair B (TPFONn/TPFOPn) and receive on pair A (TPFINn/TPFIPn). 1 = disable MDI/MDIX 0 = enable MDI/MDIX 1 = presence of signal on RX+/- analog wire pair 0 = no signal detected on RX+/1 = force link pass 0 = normal link operation This bit bypasses the control logic and allow transmitter to send pattern even if there is no link. 1 = enable power saving 0 = disable 1 = interrupt pin active high 0 = active low 1 = enable jabber counter 0 = disable 1 = auto-negotiation complete 0 = not complete 1 = flow control capable 0 = no flow control 1 = PHY in isolate mode 0 = not isolated [000] = still in auto-negotiation [001] = 10BASE-T half duplex [010] = 100BASE-TX half duplex [011] = default [101] = 10BASE-T full duplex [110] = 100BASE-TX full duplex [111] = PHY/MII isolate 1 = enable SQE test 0 = disable 1 = disable scrambler 0 = enable Mode R/W Default
Micrel
1f:13 1f.12
R/W RO
0 0
1f.11
Force link
R/W
0
1f.10 1f.9 1f.8 1f.7
Power Saving Interrupt Level Enable Jabber AutoNegotiation Complete Enable Pause (Flow-Control Result) PHY Isolate Operation Mode Indication
RW RW RW RW
1 0 1 0
1f.6
RO
0
1f.5 1f.4:2
RO RO
0 0
1f.1 1f.0
Enable SQE test Disable Data Scrambling
RW RW
0 0
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KS8001
MICREL CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 31
KS8001
Micrel
Absolute Maximum Rating (Note 1)
Storage Temperature (TS) .................. -55C to +150C Supply Referenced to GND...... .........-0.5V to +4.0 All pins ...........................................-0.5V to +4.0 Important: Please read the Notes at the bottom of the page.
Operating Range (Note 2)
Supply Voltage (VDD_PLL, VDD_TX, VDD_RXC, VDDC)............1.8V 5% (VDD_RCV, VDDIO).................................3.3V 5% Ambient Temperature Commercial (TA)......0C to +70C Ambient Temperature Industrial (TA).......-40C to +85C
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KS8001
MICREL CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 32
KS8001
Micrel
Package Thermal Resistance (JA)(Note 3)
Thermal Resistance Airflow Velocity (m/s) LQFP SSOP 0 83.56 75.19 JA 1 77.08 68.20 JA 2 72.36 66.20 JA 0 46.93 TBD JC
Electrical Characteristics (Note4)
VDD=3.3V 10%
Symbol IDD1 IDD2 IDD3 IDD4 IDD5
Parameter
Condition
(Note 5)
Min
Typ
Max
Units mA mA mA mA
Total Supply Current (including TX output drive current)
Normal 100BASE-TX Normal 10BASE-T Power Saving Mode 1 Power Down Mode (software power down) Power down pin (PD#)
Including 40mA output current
Including 90mA output current, indepdendent of utilization
Auto-negotiation is Enabled
TTL Inputs VIH VIL IIN Input High Voltage Input Low Voltage Input Current VIN = GND - VDD -10 1/2 VDD (I/O) + 0.2 0.8 10 V V A
TTL Outputs VOH VOL I IOZ I Output High Voltage Output Low Voltage Output Tri-State Leakage Peak Differential Ouput Voltage Output Voltage Imbalance Rise/Fall Time Rise/Fall Time Imbalance Duty Cycle Distortion Overshoot VSET Refernce Voltage of ISET Propagation Delay Jitter 10BASE-T Transmit (measured differentially after 1:1 transformer) 0.75 45 0.7 60 1.4 IOH = -4mA 1/2 VDD (I/O) + 0.6 0.4 10 V V A
100BASE-TX Transmit (measured differentially after 1:1 transformer) VO VIMB tr, tt 50 from each output to VDD 50 from each output to VDD 3 0 0.95 1.05 2 5 0.5 0.5 V % ns ns ns % V ns ns(pk-pk)
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KS8001
MICREL CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 33
KS8001 Peak Differential Ouput Voltage Output Voltage Imbalance Rise/Fall Time Crystal Oscillator Receive Clock, 100TX Receive Clock, 10T Receive Clock Jitter TXC100 TXC10 Transmit Clock, 100TX Transmit Clock, 10T Transmit Clock Jitter
Note 1: Note 2: Note 3: Note 4: Note 5:
Micrel
VP VIMB tr, tt X1, X2 RXC100 RXC10
50 from each output to VDD 50 from each output to VDD
2.2
2.8 3.5 25 25 25 2.5 3.0 25 2.5 1.8
V ns ns MHz MHz MHz ns(pk-pk) MHz MHz ns(pk-pk)
Clock Outputs
Exceeding the absolute rating(s) may cause permanent damage to the device. Operating at maximum conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. This device is not guaranteed to operate beyond its specified operating rating. Unused inputs must always be tied to an appropriate logic voltage level (Ground to VDD). No HS (heat spreader) in package. Specification for packaged product only. 100% data transmission in full-duplex mode and minimum IPG with 130-meter cable.
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KS8001
MICREL CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 34
KS8001
Micrel
Timing Diagrams
1 0 B a seT M II T ra n sm it T im in g
TXC TXEN T X D [3 :0 ] CRS T X P /T X M
tH D 2 tSU 2 tSU 1 tC R S1
V a lid D a ta
tH D 1
tC R S2
t LA T
S Q E T im in g
TXC TXEN COL
tSQ E
tSQ E P
m in. typ . m ax. 1 0 ns 1 0 ns 0 ns 0 ns 4BT 8BT 4BT 2 .5 us 1 .0 us
t SU 1 t SU 2 tH D 1 tH D 2 t C R S1 t C R S2 tLA T t SQ E t SQ E P
T X D [3 :0 ] S etup to T X C H igh T X E N S etup to T X C H igh T X D [3 :0 ] H o ld after T X C H igh T X E N H o ld after T X C H igh T X E N H igh to C R S asserted latency T X E N L o w to C R S d e-asserted latency T X E N H igh to T X P /T X M o utp ut (T X latency) C O L (S Q E ) D elay after T X E N d e-asserted C O L (S Q E ) P ulse D uratio n
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KS8001
MICREL CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 35
KS8001
Micrel
100BaseTX MII Transmit Timing
TXC
tSU2
TXEN
tHD2 tHD1
tSU1
TXD[3:0], TXER Data In
CRS
tCRS1 tLAT
tCRS2
TX+/TX-
Symbol Out
min. tSU1 tSU2 tHD1 tHD2 tHD3 tCRS1 tCRS2 tLAT TXD[3:0] Setup to TXC High TX_ER Setup to TXC High TXD[3:0] Hold after TXC High TXER Hold after TXC High TXEN Hold after TXC High TXEN High to CRS asserted latency TXEN Low to CRS de-asserted latency TXEN High to TX+/TX- output (TX latency) 10ns 10ns 0ns 0ns 0ns
typ.
max.
4BT 4BT 7BT
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KS8001
MICREL CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 36
KS8001
Micrel
100BaseTX MII Receive Timing
RX+/RX-
Start of Stream
End of Stream
CRS
tCRS1
tCRS2 tRLAT tHD
RXDV
RXD[3:0] RXER
tSU
RXC
tWL
tWH tP
min. tP tWL tWH tSU tHD tRLAT tCRS1 tCRS2 RXC period RXC pulse width RXC pulse width RXD[3:0], RXER, RXDV setup to rising edge of RXC RXD[3:0], RXER, RXDV hold from rising edge of RXC CRS to RXD latency, 4B or 5B aligned "Start of Stream" to CRS asserted "End of Stream" to CRS de-asserted
typ. 40ns
max.
20ns 20ns 20ns 20ns 2BT 140ns 170ns
1BT
3BT
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KS8001
MICREL CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 37
KS8001
Micrel
Auto Negotiation / Fast Link Pulse Timing
FLP Burst FLP Burst
TX+/TX-
tFLPW tBTB
Clock Pulse TX+/TX-
Data Pulse
Clock Pulse
Data Pulse
tPW tCTD
tPW
tCTC
min. tBTB tFLPW tPW tCTD tCTC FLP burst to FLP burst FLP burst width Clock/Data pulse width Clock pulse to data pulse Clock pulse to clock pulse Number of Clock/Data pulses per burst 8ms
typ. 16ms 2ms 100ns 69us 136us
max. 24ms
17
33
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KS8001
MICREL CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 38
KS8001
Micrel
Serial Management Interface Timing
tP
MDC
tMD1
MDIO (Into Chip) MDIO (Out of Chip)
tMD2
Valid Data Valid Data Valid Data
tMD3
min. tP tMD1 tMD2 tMD3 MDC period MDIO Setup to MDC (MDIO as input) MDIO Hold after MDC (MDIO as input) MDC to MDIO Valid (MDIO as output)
typ. 400 ns
max.
10ns 10ns 222ns
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KS8001
MICREL CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 39
KS8001
Micrel
Reset Timing Diagram
Supply Voltage tsr
RST_N
Strap-In Value
Reset Timing Parameters
Parameter tsr Description Stable supply voltages to reset high Min 50 Max Units us
Reset Circuit Diagram
Micrel recommends the following discrete reset circuit as shown in Figure 1 when powering up the KS8001 device. For the application where the reset circuit signal comes from another device (e.g., CPU, FPGA, etc), we recommend the reset circuit as shown in Figure 2.
VCC
KS8001
RST
D1
R 10K CPU/FPGA
RST_OUT_n
C 10uF
D2
D1, D2: 1N4148
Recommended Reset Circuit
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KS8001
MICREL CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 40
KS8001
Micrel
VCC
D1: 1N4148
KS8001
RST
D1
R 10K
C 10uF
Recommended Circuit for Interfacing with CPU/FPGA Reset
At power-on-reset, R, C, and D1 provide the necessary ramp rise time to reset the Micrel device. The reset out from CPU/FPGA provides warm reset after power up. It is also recommend to power up VDD core voltage earlier than VDDIO voltage. At worst case, the both VDD core and VDDIO voltages should come up at the same time.
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KS8001
MICREL CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 41
KS8001
Micrel
Reference Circuit for Strapping Option Configuration
The Figure shows the reference circuit for strapping option pins
3.3 V
Pull Up
10
220
LED pin
KS8001
3.3 V
Pull Down
220
LED pin
KS8001
1
Reference circuits for unm anaged program m ing through LED ports
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KS8001
MICREL CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 42
KS8001
Micrel
Selection of Isolation Transformers
A 1:1 isolation transformer is required at the line interface. An isolation transformer with integrated common-mode choke is recommended for exceeding FCC requirements. The following table gives recommended transformer characteristics. Parameter Turns Ratio Open-Circuit Inductance (min.) Leakage Inductance (max.) Inter-Winding Capacitance (max.) D.C. Resistance (max.) Insertion Loss (max.) HIPOT (min.) Transformer Selection Criteria Value 1 CT : 1 CT 350 uH 0.4 uH 12 pF 0.9 Ohms 1.0 dB 1500 Vrms Magnetic Vendor Selection Lists Single Port Magnetic manufacturer Pulse Bel Fuse Bel Fuse Bel Fuse YCL Transpower Delta LanKom Test Condition 100 mV, 100 kHz, 8 mA 1 MHz (min.)
0-65 MHz
Part number H1102 S558-5999-U7 SI-46001 SI-50170 PT163020 HB726 LF8505 LF-H41S
AUTO MDIX Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Number of port 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Selection of Reference Crystal
An oscillator or crystal with the following typical characteristics is recommended. Charateristics Frequency Frequency Tolerance(max) Load Capacitance (max) Series Resistance Value 25.00000 50 20 40 Units MHz ppm pF
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KS8001
MICREL CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 43
KS8001
Micrel
Package Information
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KS8001
MICREL CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 44

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